During the apoptosis process, what is the role of Bcl-2 proteins?

Bcl-2 proteins are crucial regulators of the apoptotic process in cells, primarily functioning to inhibit apoptosis. They belong to a larger family of proteins that include both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members. The Bcl-2 family members that inhibit apoptosis, like Bcl-2 itself, act by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, which is a critical step in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. By maintaining mitochondrial integrity and balance, these proteins help ensure cell survival under conditions that would otherwise lead to programmed cell death.

In summary, the role of Bcl-2 proteins is to prevent apoptosis, thus promoting cell survival in various physiological and pathological contexts. Their involvement is essential in numerous diseases, including cancers, where dysregulation of Bcl-2 can contribute to unchecked cell proliferation.