High levels of which vitamin can cause increased intracranial pressure, liver toxicity, and bone pain?

Prepare for USMLE Step 1 Pathology Exam with comprehensive quizzes, flashcards, and detailed explanations. Enhance your understanding and be exam-ready!

High levels of vitamin A can lead to a condition known as hypervitaminosis A, which is associated with several adverse effects, including increased intracranial pressure, liver toxicity, and bone pain.

The mechanism behind increased intracranial pressure is believed to be related to vitamin A's role in the regulation of certain cell types in the brain, which can lead to swelling of the brain and increased pressure. Liver toxicity occurs because excessive vitamin A can accumulate in the liver, causing hepatotoxicity and potentially leading to liver failure in severe cases. Bone pain arises from the effects of retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A) on bone metabolism; they can disrupt the normal balance of bone resorption and formation, resulting in discomfort or pain.

This profile of symptoms is specific to vitamin A toxicity, differentiating it from other fat-soluble vitamins like E, D, or K, which do not present with the same combination of symptoms when taken in excess.

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