HLA-DR3 or -DR4 is commonly associated with which of the following conditions?

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 are both associated with an increased susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies that can affect multiple organ systems, leading to symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes, and renal complications. The genetic predisposition conferred by these HLA types plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE by influencing the immune response and the likelihood of developing autoimmunity.

The presence of HLA-DR3 is often linked to a stronger autoimmune response, making individuals with this allele more susceptible to SLE. Similarly, HLA-DR4 is associated with other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, further emphasizing the connection between these HLA alleles and immune dysregulation.

While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), psoriatic arthritis, and gout may have their own genetic risk factors, they are not primarily associated with HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4. Gout, for instance, is primarily related to metabolic factors such as hyperuricemia rather than autoimmune mechanisms influenced by these HLA types. Therefore, the connection between H