Inadequate protein intake, without total calorie deprivation, characterizes which condition?

Kwashiorkor is characterized by inadequate protein intake despite a sufficient caloric intake. This condition is typically observed in children who may consume enough calories from carbohydrates but lack essential proteins in their diet. The resultant deficiency in protein leads to symptoms such as edema, an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), and skin changes like dermatitis. It often occurs in regions where dietary staples are primarily starchy foods, insufficient in high-quality protein sources.

In contrast, Marasmus describes a state of severe energy deficiency where there is both inadequate protein and caloric intake, leading to significant weight loss and muscle wasting. Obesity is defined by an excess of body fat due to overall caloric surplus, and Scurvy results from a deficiency in vitamin C, which is unrelated to protein intake. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for diagnosing and treating malnutrition effectively.