The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of which two molecules?

The pentose phosphate pathway is primarily involved in the generation of NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate.

NADPH is a key reducing agent used in various biosynthetic reactions, particularly in the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, as well as in the maintenance of the reduced state of glutathione in red blood cells, which protects against oxidative damage. The production of NADPH is essential for anabolic reactions where reduction is necessary.

Ribose-5-phosphate is a critical sugar molecule that serves as a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids. It plays a vital role in the formation of RNA, DNA, ATP, and other important biomolecules. This pentose sugar is produced through the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, contributing to cellular metabolism and proliferation.

Thus, the correct choice highlights the essential roles of NADPH in reductive biosynthesis and ribose-5-phosphate in nucleotide synthesis, both of which are pivotal functions supported by the pentose phosphate pathway.