What condition is characterized by increased uric acid levels?

The condition characterized by increased uric acid levels is gout. Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that occurs when there is an accumulation of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of monosodium urate crystals in the joints, which causes severe pain and inflammation, often beginning in the big toe. Elevated levels of uric acid can result from excessive production or decreased excretion by the kidneys, and this is a hallmark of gout.

In the context of other conditions mentioned, myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular transmission, lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease with various manifestations, and aplastic anemia is a condition of bone marrow failure resulting in decreased production of blood cells. None of these conditions are specifically associated with the abnormal elevation of uric acid levels. Thus, gout is the most direct relationship to increased uric acid levels among the options given.