What condition is indicated by spikes on the basement membrane with "dome-like" subepithelial deposits?

The presence of spikes on the basement membrane along with "dome-like" subepithelial deposits is characteristic of membranous glomerulonephritis. This condition is often associated with the deposition of immune complexes in the subepithelial space, which can lead to the formation of irregular protrusions or "spikes" on the epithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane when viewed under an electron microscope.

In membranous glomerulonephritis, these subepithelial immune complex deposits trigger a localized inflammatory response, resulting in the alteration of the kidney's filtration barrier. This leads to nephrotic syndrome, characterized by significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.

In contrast, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis involves scarring in some glomeruli but does not present with spikes; minimal change disease typically shows no changes on light microscopy and is notable for effacement of podocyte foot processes; post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis usually features diffuse hypercellularity and is linked to a history of streptococcal infection, also without the specific spike formation seen in membranous glomerulonephritis. Thus, the distinctive findings of spikes and