What formula represents stroke volume?

Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood ejected by the heart during each contraction, specifically during ventricular systole. The correct formula for calculating stroke volume is represented by the difference between end diastolic volume and end systolic volume.

End diastolic volume is the amount of blood in the ventricles just before they contract, while end systolic volume is the amount of blood remaining in the ventricles after they have contracted. By subtracting the end systolic volume from the end diastolic volume, we quantify how much blood is pumped out of the heart during one heartbeat, which directly defines stroke volume.

The other choices refer to different cardiovascular concepts. The second choice about cardiac output and heart rate corresponds to the relationship between the two but does not directly define stroke volume. The formula indicating mean arterial pressure divided by total peripheral resistance pertains to basic hemodynamics, particularly the concepts governing systemic vascular resistance rather than stroke volume itself. Lastly, the relationship involving ejection fraction and end systolic volume discusses the proportion of blood ejected relative to the end-diastolic volume but does not directly provide the stroke volume formula. Thus, the formula for stroke volume is indeed accurately described by the difference between end diastolic volume and end systolic