What is a common cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious condition characterized by the widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of small blood clots throughout the body's blood vessels. This process can deplete platelets and clotting factors, resulting in both bleeding and thrombosis.

One of the most common triggers of DIC is Gram-negative sepsis. In the context of sepsis, particularly from Gram-negative bacteria, endotoxins stimulate the release of pro-coagulant substances, which can lead to the activation of coagulation pathways. This widespread clot formation consumes platelets and clotting factors, subsequently leading to bleeding complications as the body's ability to form clots is impaired due to the depletion of these components.

Gram-negative sepsis is often seen in severe infections where bacteria enter the bloodstream, triggering the systemic inflammatory response and leading to DIC. Other potential causes of DIC can include trauma, obstetric complications, and malignancies; however, Gram-negative sepsis is one of the most classic and frequently encountered precipitating factors in clinical practice.

Understanding the pathophysiology of DIC, particularly its association with sepsis, is crucial for recognizing and managing this life-threatening condition effectively.