What is a common complication of untreated iron deficiency anemia in adults?

Untreated iron deficiency anemia in adults can lead to several complications, but heart failure is a particularly noteworthy one. Chronic anemia results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, which can put a strain on the cardiovascular system. As the heart works harder to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, it can eventually lead to heart failure, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions or those who have other risk factors.

When the body is chronically deprived of iron, the production of hemoglobin is inadequate, resulting in lower levels of red blood cells. This state can lead to the heart having to pump faster and work harder, potentially resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually congestive heart failure if not addressed.

While the other complications listed are not characteristic of untreated iron deficiency anemia to the same extent, heart failure stands out due to its direct relationship with the hemodynamic changes caused by anemia and the potential for severe clinical outcomes.