What is a consequence of osmotic damage in peripheral nerves due to high glucose levels?

Osmotic damage in peripheral nerves due to high glucose levels is primarily linked to the development of peripheral neuropathy. This condition arises when elevated glucose levels lead to increased levels of sorbitol and fructose in nerve tissues, facilitated by the enzyme aldose reductase. This accumulation creates osmotic and oxidative stress within the nerves, which disrupts normal cellular function and ultimately contributes to nerve damage.

Peripheral neuropathy manifests as symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness in the extremities. This deterioration occurs particularly in the distal nerves because they are more vulnerable to metabolic changes associated with diabetes. Therefore, the connection between high glucose and the development of peripheral neuropathy is well-established in medical literature, demonstrating how osmotic damage can lead to clinical manifestations of nerve dysfunction.