What is the mode of action of spironolactone in treating hyperaldosteronism?

Spironolactone effectively treats hyperaldosteronism primarily by blocking aldosterone receptors. This drug is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic and functions as an antagonist to the mineralocorticoid receptor. By inhibiting the action of aldosterone, spironolactone prevents the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal nephron, leading to increased excretion of these substances and a conservation of potassium. This action not only helps manage hypertension and edema associated with excess aldosterone but also addresses the electrolyte imbalance commonly seen in hyperaldosteronism, such as hypokalemia.

In the context of hyperaldosteronism, where there is an excess of aldosterone, spironolactone's receptor blockade reduces the detrimental effects associated with elevated aldosterone levels. This mode of action is crucial for the therapeutic management of conditions like primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) and secondary forms of the disorder.

The other options do not pertain to the mechanism of spironolactone in this context. For instance, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis relates to other medications (like statins) and does not directly apply to spironolactone's role. Enhancing liver function and antimicrobial activity are