What is the primary long-term complication associated with SLE?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. One of the most significant long-term complications associated with SLE is renal failure, primarily due to lupus nephritis. Lupus nephritis occurs in more than 40% of patients with SLE and can lead to renal damage due to inflammation, which may progress to end-stage renal disease if not properly managed.

The kidneys can be severely affected by the deposition of immune complexes, which leads to glomerulonephritis, characterized by lupus-specific histological patterns. This renal involvement often determines the prognosis for patients with SLE, making it a critical factor in the long-term management of the disease.

While cardiovascular disease is also a noteworthy concern for individuals with SLE due to factors like chronic inflammation and increased risk of atherosclerosis, the direct impact of lupus nephritis on renal function highlights why renal failure is considered the primary complication. Thus, monitoring and managing renal involvement is crucial in patients diagnosed with SLE to decrease mortality and improve quality of life.