What is the primary presentation of wet beriberi?

The primary presentation of wet beriberi includes dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy. This condition is a result of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, which plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism and neuronal function.

In wet beriberi, the cardiovascular system is prominently affected. Patients often exhibit signs of heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by an enlarged heart and impaired systolic function. This leads to fluid retention, resulting in edema, especially in the lower extremities. Furthermore, peripheral nerves can also be involved, leading to polyneuropathy that presents as weakness, numbness, or tingling in the extremities.

The presence of edema and cardiovascular issues distinguishes wet beriberi from other forms of beriberi, specifically dry beriberi, which is more characterized by neurological symptoms without significant cardiovascular involvement. This understanding of the cardinal manifestations helps in diagnosing and differentiating conditions associated with vitamin B1 deficiency.