What is the primary risk associated with temporal arteritis?

Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, primarily affects the temporal arteries and is a type of large vessel vasculitis. One of the most significant risks associated with this condition is ipsilateral blindness, which occurs due to occlusion of the arteries that supply the optic nerve. This is a serious complication because it can happen suddenly and may be irreversible if not treated promptly.

The underlying mechanism for the risk of blindness involves inflammation and necrosis of the artery walls, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the optic nerve. Immediate recognition and treatment, typically with high-dose corticosteroids, are crucial for preventing this severe complication. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and can help restore blood flow, preserving vision.

In contrast, the other options are not directly related to the risks of temporal arteritis. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune condition with different pathophysiology, while epileptic seizures and chronic fatigue syndrome are conditions that do not have a direct association with temporal arteritis. Therefore, the risk of ipsilateral blindness is the key concern for patients suffering from temporal arteritis.