What is the "Rule of 10s" concerning pheochromocytoma?

The "Rule of 10s" is a well-established guideline in understanding the characteristics of pheochromocytomas, which are tumors of the adrenal gland that produce catecholamines and can lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular issues. The correct interpretation of the Rule of 10s is that about 10% of pheochromocytomas are bilateral, 10% are malignant, 10% are associated with familial syndromes (such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia), and 10% are located in extra-adrenal sites (such as the sympathetic chain or other areas outside the adrenal glands).

This rule helps clinicians remember the distinctive features of the condition, as pheochromocytomas are typically unilateral, benign, and arise from adrenal medullary tissue. However, the occurrence of these 10% exceptions is vital for diagnosis and management. For instance, the familial association can hint at a genetic predisposition that might influence the surveillance and treatment approach for affected patients. Similarly, recognizing that a small percentage have malignant potential underscores the importance of thorough assessment and follow-up for patients diagnosed with this condition.

In contrast, while the other options contain plausible facts about pheochromocytomas, they do not represent the framework encapsulated in the