What kind of joints are typically affected in osteoarthritis, showing osteophyte formation?

Osteoarthritis primarily affects the small joints, particularly those in the fingers, such as the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. The disease is characterized by degeneration of cartilage and the formation of osteophytes, which are bony growths that develop along the edges of joints. In osteoarthritis, the involvement of these small joints is significant because it leads to common clinical manifestations such as pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion in the hands.

While osteoarthritis can indeed affect larger joints and other types of synovial joints, its classic presentation and the hallmark symptoms most prominently observed are in the smaller joints, particularly in older adults. This small joint involvement is also correlated with the presence of Heberden's nodes (osteophytes at the DIP joints) and Bouchard's nodes (osteoarthritis changes at the PIP joints), which are commonly noted among patients with osteoarthritis.

Large joints, such as the knees and hips, can also be affected, but the focus on small joints like those in the fingers highlights the characteristic patterns of osteoarthritis observed in practice. Similarly, the intervertebral joints can be affected but do not specifically reflect the common oste