What physiological effects can result from magnesium deficiency?

Magnesium plays a critical role in numerous biochemical processes, particularly in neuromuscular function. A deficiency in magnesium can lead to increased neuromuscular excitability. This means that muscles may become more susceptible to spontaneous contractions, leading to symptoms such as muscle cramps, spasms, and associated hyperexcitability of the nervous system.

In addition, magnesium acts as a natural calcium channel blocker; therefore, its deficiency can lead to an increase in intracellular calcium levels, which can further contribute to muscle cramping and increased neuronal excitability.

The other options—thrombosis, hypotension, and peripheral neuropathy—do not directly correlate with magnesium deficiency. While magnesium does play a role in cardiovascular health and neuronal function, the most distinct and immediate effects of magnesium deficiency are primarily observed in the neuromuscular system, making muscle cramps and hyperexcitability the correct physiological manifestations to note.