What process leads to the formation of triacylglycerol from fatty acids?

The formation of triacylglycerol (also known as triglyceride) from fatty acids occurs through the process of esterification. During this biochemical reaction, three fatty acid molecules are chemically combined with a glycerol molecule, resulting in the formation of triacylglycerol. This process involves the esterification of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol with the carboxyl groups of the fatty acids, leading to the release of water (a condensation reaction).

Esterification is key in energy storage, as triacylglycerols serve as the primary form of stored energy in adipose tissue. This process is essential in metabolism, particularly in the context of lipid classification and energy homeostasis within the body. As energy-dense compounds, triacylglycerols can be mobilized for energy during periods of fasting or increased energy demand.

Other processes mentioned, such as hydrolysis, involve the breakdown of triacylglycerols into glycerol and free fatty acids, which is the opposite of what happens during esterification. Transamination relates to amino acids and protein metabolism, while dephosphorylation relates to the removal of phosphate groups from molecules. Therefore, esterification is specifically the correct answer when discussing the synthesis of tri