What radiological finding is described as "honeycomb lung"?

The term "honeycomb lung" refers to a specific radiological appearance associated with advanced interstitial lung disease, particularly pulmonary fibrosis. This distinct pattern is characterized by the presence of multiple small cystic spaces that resemble a honeycomb on imaging studies, especially a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest. The honeycomb appearance arises due to the formation of cystic air spaces that develop from the destruction of the lung parenchyma and is typically found in the peripheral regions of the lungs.

In interstitial fibrosis, inflammatory processes lead to scarring (fibrosis) of lung tissue, which can progressively worsen, resulting in significant architectural distortion. As the disease advances, the characteristic honeycomb pattern becomes more pronounced, reflecting the progression of the condition. This finding is most commonly seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and can also be associated with other forms of interstitial lung disease.

Other choices, while presenting significant pulmonary pathology, do not exhibit a honeycomb pattern. Acute pulmonary edema is characterized by interstitial fluid accumulation, leading to more diffuse and patchy opacities. Pneumothorax shows the presence of air in the pleural space, leading to a collapsed lung, and is visualized as a visceral pleural line