What role does Cytochrome Oxidase play in cellular respiration?

Cytochrome Oxidase plays a crucial role in cellular respiration, specifically within the electron transport chain, which is part of oxidative phosphorylation. This enzyme is the last component of the electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen. During this process, it facilitates the formation of water and simultaneously pumps protons (hydrogen ions) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.

This proton pumping creates an electrochemical gradient, also known as the proton motive force, across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is vital for ATP synthesis because it drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, the enzyme that synthesizes ATP. Thus, the correct answer highlights the importance of cytochrome oxidase not only in the transport of electrons but also in establishing the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential that is essential for ATP production.

While glucose metabolism and the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation are important processes, the specific function of cytochrome oxidase relates more directly to the electrochemical potential required for ATP synthesis. Additionally, the electron transport chain primarily occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is not focused on electron transport in the cytoplasm. Hence, understanding the exact function of cytochrome oxidase clarifies its