What second messengers are generated by phospholipase C activity activated by Gq proteins?

Phospholipase C, when activated by Gq proteins, catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) found in the plasma membrane. This reaction results in the formation of two important second messengers: inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).

IP3 is soluble in the cytosol and functions primarily by promoting the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration can lead to various cellular responses, including muscle contraction, secretion of hormones, and other signaling pathways.

DAG, on the other hand, remains within the membrane and, in conjunction with Ca2+, activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is involved in various cellular functions, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

In summary, the correct answer highlights the two key second messengers generated by phospholipase C activity upon Gq protein activation: IP3 and DAG. These molecules play critical roles in mediating multiple physiological responses by triggering downstream signaling cascades.