What substance does DAG activate?

Diacylglycerol (DAG) plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways, particularly in the activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC). When a receptor on the cell surface is activated, it can stimulate the enzyme phospholipase C. This leads to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), generating two important second messengers: inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and DAG. While IP3 is responsible for releasing calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum, DAG remains in the membrane and serves as a crucial activator of PKC.

PKC is involved in various cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Once activated by DAG, PKC can phosphorylate numerous target proteins, thus regulating a wide range of cellular processes. The specificity and activation of different isoforms of PKC can further influence diverse signaling pathways, emphasizing the significance of DAG as a second messenger in these processes. Understanding the role of DAG in activating PKC is essential for comprehending how cells respond to external signals and regulate internal mechanisms.