What syndrome is characterized by painful, pale, and cold fingers and toes due to vasospasm?

Raynaud's syndrome is characterized by episodes of vasospasm in the small blood vessels that supply blood to the fingers and toes, leading to a distinct pattern of symptoms. During these episodes, often triggered by cold exposure or emotional stress, the affected digits may turn pale or white due to the reduction in blood flow. As the vasospasm resolves, blood flow returns, causing the digits to flush red and sometimes become painful. This reflects the cyclic nature of the condition, which is characterized by color changes and discomfort in response to triggers.

Frostbite, while it does lead to cold and painful extremities, involves actual tissue damage due to freezing temperatures rather than simple vasospasm. This condition has a different mechanism and presents with more severe tissue injury and risk of necrosis.

Vasculitis involves inflammation of blood vessels, leading to a variety of systemic symptoms and may also affect blood flow, but the hallmark of Raynaud's syndrome is specifically related to vascular responses to stimuli.

Peripheral artery disease involves chronic arterial obstruction, typically resulting from atherosclerosis. It presents with claudication and other signs of limited blood supply but does not typically result in the episodic vasospasm and color changes associated with Raynaud's syndrome.

Thus,