What syndrome is characterized by ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis?

Horner's syndrome is characterized by a specific triad of symptoms: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhidrosis (lack of sweating on the affected side of the face). This combination of signs results from disruption of the sympathetic nerves supplying the eye and surrounding structures.

In Horner's syndrome, there is a lesion affecting the sympathetic pathway that runs from the hypothalamus down to the face and neck. This can occur due to various causes, such as a tumor (e.g., Pancoast tumor), cervical rib, or a disruption of the sympathetic pathway due to trauma. The ptosis occurs due to the paralysis of the smooth muscle of the eyelid (the superior tarsal muscle), while miosis results from unopposed parasympathetic activity due to loss of sympathetic input. Anhidrosis indicates that the sympathetic supply to the sweat glands is compromised, leading to reduced sweating on the affected side.

In contrast, the other options mentioned do not produce the same combination of symptoms. Bell's palsy primarily affects facial motor function without the characteristic pupil or sweating changes seen in Horner's syndrome. Graves' disease, an autoimmune condition, primarily affects the eyes and thyroid