What triad of symptoms is associated with niacin (B3) deficiency?

Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency is most commonly associated with a triad of symptoms known as the "three D's": diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. This combination of symptoms is characteristic of Pellagra, which is the condition resulting from a lack of niacin.

Diarrhea occurs because niacin deficiency affects the gastrointestinal system, leading to inflammation and malabsorption. Dermatitis is often seen as a sun-sensitive rash, typically occurring in areas of the skin exposed to sunlight, reflecting the damage caused by the lack of niacin on skin health. Lastly, dementia relates to the impact of niacin deficiency on the nervous system, where it contributes to cognitive decline and neurological issues.

The other symptom sets do not encompass this specific triad related to niacin deficiency. For example, while glossitis, stomatitis, and cheilosis may relate to other B vitamin deficiencies, they do not capture the hallmark symptoms of niacin deficiency. Similarly, fatigue, muscle weakness, and irritability could indicate various other deficiencies or conditions but are not specific to niacin. The symptoms associated with niacin deficiency are distinct and highlight the critical role of vitamin B3 in maintaining skin, gastrointestinal, and neurological health.