What type of glomerulonephritis is most commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis is the type of glomerulonephritis most commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This association is significant because SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of autoantibodies that can lead to widespread inflammation and damage to various organs, including the kidneys.

In diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, there is a marked proliferation of glomerular cells, including both endothelial and mesangial cells, along with the presence of immune complex deposition. This results in an increase in cellularity and often affects the entire glomerulus, leading to a more diffuse pattern of involvement. Patients may present with symptoms of kidney dysfunction such as proteinuria, hematuria, and renal impairment due to the significant inflammatory response elicited by the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli.

Understanding this association is crucial in clinical practice, as recognizing the presence of renal involvement in SLE can help guide management and treatment strategies. Evaluation of renal function and monitoring for signs of glomerulonephritis are important components of care for patients with SLE.