What type of injury can cause retinal hemorrhage in children, often associated with abuse?

Retinal hemorrhages in children, particularly when associated with abuse, are most commonly caused by Shaken Baby Syndrome (also known as Abusive Head Trauma). This syndrome typically results from violently shaking an infant or young child, leading to whiplash-like motion of the head. The force of the shaking causes the brain to move within the skull, damaging the fragile blood vessels in the retina, which can result in retinal hemorrhages.

In addition to retinal hemorrhages, Shaken Baby Syndrome can also lead to other serious complications such as subdural hematomas and brain injuries. The signs of this syndrome often raise suspicion for physical abuse, particularly when there is no adequate explanation for the injuries observed.

Other types of injuries such as accidental falls or sports injuries may theoretically cause retinal hemorrhages, but they are much less common in very young children, especially in the absence of other signs of trauma. Allergic reactions do not lead to retinal hemorrhage and are unrelated in this context.