Which class of medication is typically administered for alcohol withdrawal?

Benzodiazepines are the first-line medications for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms. These medications work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, leading to increased inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. This is particularly important in alcohol withdrawal, as the abrupt cessation of alcohol intake leads to a hyper-excitability of the central nervous system due to decreased GABA activity and unopposed glutamate activity.

During alcohol withdrawal, patients can experience a range of symptoms, from mild tremors and anxiety to severe complications like seizures and delirium tremens. Benzodiazepines not only help to alleviate these symptoms but also reduce the risk of seizures and other severe manifestations associated with withdrawal. Commonly used benzodiazepines for this purpose include lorazepam and diazepam.

Other medication classes listed, such as antidepressants, beta-blockers, and opioids, do not target the mechanisms of alcohol withdrawal effectively. Antidepressants are typically used for anxiety or depression but do not directly address the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Beta-blockers may help manage autonomic symptoms such as tachycardia or hypertension, but they do not treat the withdrawal itself and can pose risks during