Which condition is characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea?

The condition characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea is pellagra. Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) and is most commonly seen in populations with a diet low in this vitamin.

Dermatitis in pellagra typically presents as a scaly, symmetrical rash on sun-exposed areas of the skin, which can become discolored and painful. The neurological symptoms can include confusion, memory loss, and altered mental status, aligning with the aspect of dementia. Diarrhea is a hallmark symptom and can range from mild to severe gastrointestinal disturbances.

In contrast, scurvy is related to vitamin C deficiency and presents with symptoms such as bleeding gums, tooth loss, and bruising. Beriberi is associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, leading to neurological and cardiovascular issues but not the typical triad of symptoms seen in pellagra. Folate deficiency primarily causes megaloblastic anemia and does not typically present with the triad of dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.

Understanding the classic symptoms of these nutritional deficiencies is key for diagnosis and management in clinical settings.