Which condition is defined as total calorie deprivation, distinguishing it from starvation?

Marasmus is characterized by total calorie deprivation, distinguishing it from other conditions like starvation. In marasmus, the body does not receive sufficient carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, leading to significant weight loss and muscle wasting. It typically occurs when there is a caloric intake that is inadequate to meet the body's energy requirements, resulting in a generalized depletion of body fat and protein stores. This condition is most commonly seen in situations of extreme deprivation, such as famine or chronic illnesses, impacting both adults and children.

In contrast, kwashiorkor, another form of malnutrition, is primarily due to protein deficiency despite a somewhat adequate caloric intake. This condition often presents with edema, fatty liver, and skin changes. Cachexia is a complex syndrome typically associated with chronic diseases, featuring weight loss, muscle wasting, and decreased appetite, largely driven by inflammation and metabolic changes. Anorexia refers to a lack of appetite or the refusal to eat, which can lead to weight loss but doesn't specifically define the overall nutritional state as marasmus does. Therefore, marasmus is distinctly defined by the complete inadequacy of calories and energy sources, leading to severe malnutrition.