Which deficiency is associated with symptoms such as tetany and osteoporosis?

The symptoms of tetany and osteoporosis are primarily associated with calcium deficiency. Tetany is a condition characterized by muscle spasms and cramps due to low calcium levels, which can lead to increased neuromuscular excitability. A deficiency in calcium disrupts the normal function of muscles and nerves, causing symptoms like these.

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, and calcium is critical for maintaining optimal bone density and strength. Chronic calcium deficiency can lead to decreased bone mineralization, resulting in osteoporosis.

While other choices may also play roles in bone health and neuromuscular function, it is the specific deficiency of calcium that directly correlates with the symptoms highlighted in the question, particularly tetany and osteoporosis. Vitamin D, for instance, is essential for calcium absorption, but a deficiency in it primarily leads to osteomalacia rather than direct symptoms of tetany. Phosphorus plays a supporting role in bone health but does not directly cause these symptoms when deficient. Magnesium deficiency can lead to neuromuscular symptoms as well, but tetany associated with calcium deficiency is more widely recognized.