Which of the following vitamins are considered fat-soluble vitamins that must be supplemented in patients with cystic fibrosis?

In patients with cystic fibrosis, malabsorption of nutrients is a common complication due to pancreatic insufficiency. The pancreas produces enzymes that help in the digestion and absorption of certain nutrients, including fat. Because of this impairment, individuals with cystic fibrosis often have difficulty absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins A, D, E, and K.

These vitamins are critical for various bodily functions:

• Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.

• Vitamin D is crucial for bone health, as it regulates calcium and phosphate in the body.

• Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and plays a role in immune function and skin health.

• Vitamin K is vital for blood clotting and bone metabolism.

Given their fat-soluble nature, these vitamins require the presence of fat for proper absorption in the intestines. In cystic fibrosis patients, due to the lack of pancreatic enzymes, the absorption of these vitamins is significantly decreased, thus necessitating supplementation.

This comprehensive supplementation addresses the deficiencies in patients with cystic fibrosis, ensuring they receive these essential vitamins that contribute to maintaining overall health and preventing complications associated with their condition.