Which oncogenic virus is known for causing CNS malignant lymphoma?

The association between the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and central nervous system (CNS) malignant lymphoma is well-established. Individuals diagnosed with HIV experience significant immunosuppression, which increases their susceptibility to various opportunistic infections and malignancies. One of the most common types of primary CNS lymphoma is associated with HIV infection, specifically a subset known as primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), which is often associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) reactivation in the context of HIV.

In the setting of immunodeficiency caused by HIV, the body is less capable of controlling certain viral infections, leading to an increased risk of lymphoproliferative disorders, including lymphoma within the CNS. This condition can present with neurological symptoms such as cognitive deficits, seizures, and focal neurological signs, often necessitating diagnostic imaging and, ultimately, biopsy for definitive diagnosis.

The other viruses listed have varying associations with malignancies but are less recognized for their direct link to CNS lymphoma. Hepatitis C Virus primarily impacts the liver and is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma, while Hepatitis B Virus can lead to liver cancer. Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, primarily affecting the peripheral