Which syndrome includes thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, and ganglioneuromatosis?

The correct answer pertains to Men 2B, a type of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. This specific syndrome is characterized by the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytomas (which are tumors of the adrenal gland that secrete catecholamines), and mucosal neuromas, as well as a distinctive appearance of ganglioneuromatosis.

In Men 2B, the tumors typically arise due to mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, leading to a predisposition for these tumors. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is particularly notable, as it is a defining feature of this syndrome. The presence of pheochromocytomas contributes to the increased risk for hypertension and other symptoms associated with catecholamine release. Ganglioneuromatosis refers to the growth of nerve tissue tumors, which often manifests in mucosal sites, leading to characteristic soft tissue growths, which are also included in the clinical picture of Men 2B.

This understanding distinguishes Men 2B from Men 2A, which lacks the mucosal neuromas and is typically associated with parathyroid hyperplasia instead. Men 1 is associated with hyperparathyroidism, pituitary tumors, and pancreatic endocrine tumors,