Which term describes the effect of low pH on hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity?

The correct term that describes the effect of low pH on hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity is the Bohr effect. This physiological phenomenon occurs when the pH of the blood decreases (becomes more acidic), leading to a reduction in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen.

This effect is primarily due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and protons (H+) in tissues, which lower the pH. As the pH decreases, hemoglobin undergoes a conformational change that facilitates the release of oxygen. This is particularly important in actively metabolizing tissues, where there is increased carbon dioxide production and lower pH, thus promoting oxygen delivery where it is most needed.

Understanding the Bohr effect is crucial for grasping how the body adapts to varying levels of oxygen demand and carbon dioxide production during different physiological conditions, such as exercise or high altitudes.