Which treatment option is used for the acute phase of malaria infection?

Chloroquine is the primary treatment option for the acute phase of malaria infection, particularly for infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. It is an antimalarial medication that works by interfering with the parasite's ability to digest hemoglobin within red blood cells, leading to the accumulation of toxic heme metabolites that ultimately kill the malaria parasites. This action helps to rapidly reduce the number of parasites in the bloodstream, alleviating symptoms and preventing complications of the disease.

The acute phase of malaria is characterized by the sudden onset of fever, chills, malaise, and other systemic symptoms as the parasites multiply and invade red blood cells. Treating this phase promptly with chloroquine can lead to significant clinical improvement and a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with the infection.

Other treatment options listed, such as pulsatile GnRH, spironolactone, and warfarin, do not have an indication for the treatment of malaria. Pulsatile GnRH is related to reproductive hormone therapies, spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used primarily for conditions like hypertension or heart failure, and warfarin is an anticoagulant used for preventing thromboembolic events. None of these