Which tumors are known to produce androgens and can lead to precocious puberty?

Sertoli cell tumors and Leydig cell tumors are known for their ability to produce androgens. These tumors are types of sex-cord-stromal tumors found in the testes and can lead to the overproduction of male hormones, specifically testosterone. In young boys, the excess testosterone can result in precocious puberty, characterized by the early onset of secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased facial and body hair, enlargement of the penis, and deepening of the voice.

Sertoli cell tumors are generally associated with estrogen production as well, but they may not be typically known for androgen production. However, Leydig cell tumors are specifically recognized for their androgenic activity. The combination of both tumor types in this answer acknowledges that they can lead to the same clinical outcome, including precocious puberty, due to their hormone-secreting capabilities.

Other tumors listed do not have the same association with androgen production and the resulting risk for precocious puberty. Testicular seminomas, for instance, are primarily germ cell tumors that do not produce significant levels of androgens. Embryonal carcinomas can also be categorized within the spectrum of non-germ cell tumors but also are not known for androgen production. Adenocarcinomas, generally referring to