Which two molecules are known to inhibit gluconeogenesis?

The correct answer highlights the role of F2,6bP (fructose-2,6-bisphosphate) and AMP in metabolic regulation, particularly in the context of gluconeogenesis.

F2,6bP is a potent allosteric regulator that promotes glycolysis while inhibiting gluconeogenesis. It activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), which encourages the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, thus forwarding the glycolytic pathway. Conversely, the presence of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate downregulates fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, an enzyme critical for gluconeogenesis.

AMP also plays a significant role in cellular energy homeostasis. When energy levels are low, AMP levels rise, signaling the need for ATP production. Increased AMP activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibits energy-consuming processes like gluconeogenesis. In this manner, both molecules serve to prevent gluconeogenesis when the energy state of the cell is low, supporting energy production through glycolysis instead.

Understanding the interplay of these molecules provides insight into the fine-tuned regulation of glucose