Which vitamin deficiency is primarily associated with a lack of dairy products?

The correct answer is riboflavin (B2) because dairy products are a significant source of this vitamin in the diet. Riboflavin plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and the metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids, and is also a precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).

While other vitamins listed can be found in various other foods, riboflavin deficiency is particularly associated with lower intake of dairy, as few plant-based sources can provide adequate amounts of this vitamin. For instance, while riboflavin is present in green leafy vegetables, eggs, and meat, dairy remains one of the best dietary sources for many people, particularly in diets that may not include sufficient amounts of animal products.

Vitamin A, niacin, and vitamin D have different primary dietary sources, and their deficiencies are not specifically linked to the consumption of dairy. Vitamin D, for instance, is obtained from sunlight exposure, certain fish, and fortified foods. Niacin is found in meats, fish, and whole grains, while vitamin A is obtained from animal sources and certain fruits and vegetables. Thus, riboflavin is the vitamin whose deficiency is