Which vitamin is known for its role in the synthesis of coagulation factors?

Vitamin K plays a crucial role in the synthesis of coagulation factors, which are essential for proper blood clotting. It is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in the post-translational modification of specific proteins produced in the liver that are required for coagulation. These proteins, including factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, undergo a process called gamma-carboxylation, which is facilitated by vitamin K. This process allows these factors to bind calcium ions, an essential step for their activation and function in the coagulation cascade.

Vitamin K exists in two main forms: K1 (phylloquinone), found mainly in green leafy vegetables, and K2 (menaquinone), produced by intestinal bacteria. A deficiency in vitamin K can lead to bleeding disorders due to decreased production of functional coagulation factors, highlighting the significance of this vitamin in hemostasis and overall cardiovascular health.

The other vitamins mentioned do not have a direct role in the synthesis of coagulation factors. Folate is primarily involved in DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation; vitamin E serves as an antioxidant and has roles in immune function and skin health; and vitamin A is important for vision, growth, and immune function.